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An international team of physicists led by Professor Enrique Gaztañaga of the Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation at the University of Portsmouth has questioned the idea that the Universe began with the Big Bang.

This new theory challenges the traditional Big Bang model by proposing that our universe was born inside a black hole from a previous universe.

Published in Physical Review D, the model uses Einstein–Cartan theory, which includes quantum "torsion" to prevent singularities. Instead of a singular beginning, the universe undergoes a "bounce" inside the black hole, expanding outward to become a new cosmos.

This bounce naturally explains both the early rapid expansion (inflation) and the current accelerated expansion (dark energy), without needing exotic new particles or fields.

The model also predicts a slightly curved, closed universe—something future space missions like ESA’s ARRAKIHS or NASA’s SPHEREx may be able to detect.

One of the most compelling predictions is that our universe could carry the spin of the parent black hole, potentially explaining why two-thirds of galaxies seem to rotate in the same direction.

If confirmed by future observations, this cosmic spin could be a key signature supporting the theory.

In essence, this bold idea reimagines our universe not as the beginning of everything, but as part of a cosmic cycle, where each black hole could spawn a new universe—each with its own evolution.

At the edge of our solar system lies a turbulent boundary called the heliopause—the region where the solar wind (a stream of charged particles from the Sun) is stopped by the interstellar medium.

When NASA’s Voyager 1 crossed this boundary in 2012, and Voyager 2 followed in 2018, both spacecraft made a remarkable discovery: a region where the temperature of interstellar plasma spikes dramatically, reaching an estimated 30,000 to 50,000 Kelvin.

This phenomenon has sometimes been described as encountering a “wall of fire” or a “50,000 Kelvin wall,” though these terms are metaphorical.

The high temperature doesn’t mean it’s a literal, fiery wall. Rather, it refers to the kinetic energy of the sparse plasma particles found beyond the heliopause.

Despite the extremely high temperatures, the density of particles in this region is extraordinarily low, meaning that the heat doesn’t transfer in a way that would damage spacecraft or feel "hot" by human standards.

The heating is likely due to magnetic reconnection—an energetic process where magnetic fields from the Sun and the interstellar medium interact and release energy, compressing and heating the plasma.

This "hot wall" marks the boundary where the Sun’s influence ends and true interstellar space begins.

Voyager’s instruments were able to detect this change using a combination of plasma wave sensors, cosmic ray detectors, and magnetometers.

These tools confirmed the change in environment—particularly noting an increase in cosmic ray activity and changes in magnetic field orientation—which further validated the spacecraft had entered a new domain of space.

In summary, while the phrase “50,000 Kelvin wall” sounds dramatic, it is scientifically grounded in real data from the Voyager missions.

It refers to a heated, ionized region just beyond the heliosphere, offering critical insights into how our solar system interacts with the larger galactic environment.

The finding not only helped define the solar system’s outermost limits but also provided invaluable clues about the nature of interstellar space.

Meet Carvey Ehren Maigue, a Filipino engineering student who developed a revolutionary solar panel made from discarded fruits and vegetables. His invention, called AuREUS, captures ultraviolet light instead of relying on direct sunlight—meaning it can generate clean energy even on cloudy days or in shaded spaces. It uses luminescent particles from food waste to absorb UV rays and convert them into visible light, which is then harnessed by solar strips.

This breakthrough could change the future of urban solar power. Instead of bulky rooftop installations, AuREUS panels can be mounted on windows or walls, bringing sustainable energy generation into cities and indoor environments. For his game-changing innovation, Maigue won the prestigious 2020 James Dyson Sustainability Award, showing how waste can literally become power.

#SustainableTech #SolarEnergy #GreenInnovation #FoodWasteToPower #UVSolarPanel

Physicists may have found a surprising new link between the universe’s biggest and smallest mysteries—hidden in the twist of light.

In a groundbreaking study, researchers discovered that when photons journey through the warped fabric of spacetime, their polarization—the direction in which they vibrate—can behave in a way that defies classical expectations. Instead of returning to its original state, the polarization can shift in a phenomenon known as non-reciprocity. This subtle effect suggests that light, in the presence of gravity, may not be as predictable as once thought.

At the heart of this discovery is a shift in perspective—literally. By carefully adjusting the quantization axis, or the angle at which polarization is observed, scientists detected amplified changes in the photon’s orientation, known as Wigner Rotation Angles (WRAs). Remarkably, near massive objects like black holes, these shifts could be ten times greater than previously anticipated.

To test this theory, researchers propose using advanced space-based interferometers and quantum optical systems. If confirmed, this non-reciprocal twist could offer a new way to explore how quantum mechanics and general relativity interact—and may even challenge Einstein’s cherished Equivalence Principle.

“This opens up a new experimental window into some of physics’ biggest mysteries,” said Dr. Warner Miller, co-author of the study.

Published in Scientific Reports, the findings could reshape how we probe the cosmos—from the vast gravitational wells of black holes to the subatomic quirks of quantum particles.